AS ISO ASTM 52921:2020 – Standard terminology for additive manufacturing-Coordinate systems and test methodologies.
build platlorm, n—machine, any base which provides a surface upon which the build is started and supported throughout the build process (see A 1 . I).
1)The machine build pIatfrm tiiay he solid or perforated and made from a wide variety of materials and constructions.
l)ln some systems the parts arc built attached to the build platform, either directly or through a support structure. In other systems. such as powder bed systems. iio direct mechanical fixture between the build and the plaitrm may be required.
build surface, n—area where material is added, normally on the last deposited layer which becomes the foundation upon which the next layer is formed.
DiscussioN—For the first layer the build surface is often the build platform.
DiscussioN— If the orientation of the material deposition or consolidation means, or both, is variable, it may be defined relative to the build
surface (for example. a blown powder head may be kept normal to it. See also Z axis discussion).
front, n—qf a machine, shall he designated by the machine builder.
Discussiorc—Generally, this is the side of the machine that the
operator faces to access the user interface or primary viewing window.
or both. (See A1.I).
machine coordinate system, n—a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system as defined by a fixed point on the build platform b4with the three principal axes labeled X, Y, and Z, with rotary axes about each of theses axes labeled A, B, and C, respectively” (see A 1.1, A 1 .2, and A 1.3) as stated in ISO 841.
origin, il—a designated reference point at which the three primary axes in a Cartesian coordinate system intersect. Synonyms: zero point, or (0, 0, 0) when using X. Y, and Z coord in ales.
build volume origin. n—shall be located at the center of the build plalfbrm fixed on the build facing surface.
DiscussioN—This is a universal origin reserved for the purpose of identifying the location of parts within the build volume. (See Al.l and
A 1.2).
inachinc’ origin, n—origin as detIned by the original equipment manufacturer. Synonyms: machine home, machine zero
Z axis, n—c.’f a machine, for processes employing planar layerwise addition of material, shall run normal to the layers. (Sec AI.l and A 1.2.)
DiscussioN—For processes employing planar layerwise addition of material, the positive Z shall be the direction from the first layer to the subsequent layers (see A1.l and A 1.2).
DiscussioN—Where addition of material is possible from multiple directions (such as with blown powder systems), the Z axis may he identified according to the principles in ISO 841 (section 4.3.3) which addresses “swiveling or gimhalling.”
X axis, n—old machine, shall run perpendicular to the Z axis and parallel to the front of the machine. (Sec A 1 . 1 and A I .2.)
DiscussioN—-Where possible, the X axis shall be horizontal and parallel with one of the edges of the build platform.
DiscussioN—The positive X direction shall be from left to right as viewed from the front of the machine while facing toward the build volume origin.
Y axis, n—of a machine, shall run perpendicular to the Z and X axes with positive direction defined to make a right hand set of coordinates as specified in ISO 841.
DiscussioN—Where possible. the Y axis shall he horizontal and parallel with one of the edges of the build platform.
DiscussioN—In the most common case of an upwards Z positive direction, the positive Y direction shall he from the front to the back of the machine as viewed from the front of the machine (see A I . I).
DiscussloN—In the case of building in the downwards Z positive direction the positive Y direction shall be from the back of the machine to the front as viewed from the front of the machine (see A 1 .2).